Rodents

Rats and mice are important rodent pests entering homes and warehouses for food and harborage.
Rats contaminate 10 times as much food as they eat, with urine, droppings and hair
They can carry at least 10 different kinds of diseases including bubonic plague, murine typhus, spirochetal jaundice, Leptospirosis, rabies, ratbite fever, and bacterial food poisoning
Rats and mice also start fires by gnawing matches and electrical wires in homes
The Norway rat, roof rat and house mouse are the most persistent rodent populations in need of control

Types of Rats

The Norway rat, also called the brown rat or sewer rat is a destructive pest found in urban and suburban neighborhoods
Norway rats are husky, brownish rodents that weigh about 11 ounces
They are about 13 to 18 inches long including the 6 to 8 1/2 inch tail
Their fur is coarse and mostly brown with scattered black on the upper surfaces
Their droppings are 3/4 inches long and capsule-shaped
Norway rats generally prefer to eat fresh meat, fish, and grain, they can survive quite well on an ounce per day of garbage or decayed food along with an ounce of water
Norway rats are burrowers and often dig in rubbish and under buildings or concrete slabs
Burrowing can cause damage by undermining the foundations of buildings, disfiguring landscape plantings and blocking sewer lines
Norway rats live about 1 year and reach sexual maturity in 3-5 months
They have 8-12 young per litter and up to 7 litters per year

Roof rat is also commonly known as the black rat and ship rat
Color ranges from black to grizzled gray to tan with a light belly.
The tail is longer than the combined head and body
Droppings are up to 1/2 inch long and spindle-shaped
Roof rats thrive in attics, roof spaces, palm trees, and ornamental shrubbery
They are climbers and prefer to nest off the ground
They can be quite destructive in attics, gnawing on electrical wires and rafters
Roof rats generally prefer vegetables, fruits and grain; but they consume ½ to 1 ounce per day of food from various sources
Roof rats live about 1 year and reach sexual maturity in 3-5 months
They have 6-8 young per litter and up to 6 litters per year

House mice are considered among the most troublesome and economically important rodents
The house mouse is a small, slender rodent that has a slightly pointed nose; small, black, somewhat protruding eyes; large, sparsely haired ears; and a nearly hairless tail with obvious scale rings
Droppings are 1/8 inch long and rod-shaped
House mice live in and around homes, farms, commercial establishments, and in open fields and agricultural lands
Prefer to feed on grains but usually nibble at a wide variety of foods
House mice live about 1 year and reach sexual maturity in 6 weeks
They have 5-6 young per litter and up to 8 litters per year

Rodents poisoned with anticoagulants die from bleeding internally
Anti-coagulants are considered safer rodenticides than the acute poisons, because larger doses are necessary to poison humans or pets and these poisons have a simple antidote, Vitamin K1

Special glue can be placed in pie tins or paper plates
Placing a small piece of bait in the center of a glue board can increase effectiveness

A tamper-proof bait box is designed so that a child or pet cannot get to the bait inside but the rat can
Bait station allow placement of bait in locations where it would otherwise be difficult because of weather or potential hazards to nontarget animals
Most designs are not considered to be truly tamper-proof unless they can be secured to the floor, wall, or ground